And for some people, it can create an important sense of hope. Peer workers are employed whether paid or unpaid and trained to make use of their experiential knowledge in providing support to someone who shares similar experiences, as part of or alongside the care and treatment they are receiving from mental health services. As noted above, four studies evaluated peer workers as a substitute for other mental health workers working in a similar role, three of those in a case management capacity [23, 30, 39], and in the fourth, providing support for self-management [62]. Simpson A, Flood C, Rowe J, Quigley J, Henry S, Hall C, et al. 1989;36(2):22333. King AJ, Simmons MB. In three studies participants were recruited as inpatients [42, 45, 59], and in two studies participants were recruited as either inpatients or outpatients [71, 74]. Through the sharing of experiences, theyre able to offer support, encouragement, and comfort to the other group members, and receive the same in return. Peer recovery support focuses Mott Childrens Hospital at the University of Michigan conducted a poll to assess the possible role of peer support for childhood mental health. Yamaguchi S, Taneda A, Matsunaga A, Sasaki N, Mizuno M, Sawada Y, et al. Mahlke CI, Priebe S, Heumann K, Daubmann A, Wegscheider K, Bock T. Effectiveness of one-to-one peer support for patients with severe mental illness - a randomised controlled trial. 1997;48(8):10427. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for the effectiveness of peer support to improve mental health wellbeing in university students. no-comparator intervention) [68]. Method: A qualitative metasynthesis was conducted, involving examination, critical comparison, and synthesis of 27 published studies. Where outcome data were reported for more than one follow-up point, the longest timepoint was used. Peer Support Four trials with a total sample size of 519 participants and follow-up ranging from 6 to 12months reported empowerment related outcomes. 2020;216(6):3017. However, it is also noted how the formal, health services environment is not always conducive to the delivery of peer support [15, 16]. Recognize and evaluate conflicts, use active listening skills, and offer support. Other exclusions were applied if the study was not in the English language, non-retrievable, or did not contain empirical data. Peer support services encompass a range of activities and interactions between people who share similar experiences of being diagnosed with mental health conditions, substance use disorders, or both. Seventeen of the 22 items that comprise the measure load onto the intrapersonal subscale, as would seem apposite for the evaluation of a self-management intervention. Description of the support and supervision provided for peer workers also varied, from studies that simply reported that peer workers were provided with support and supervision for the duration of the study [59], to one which described in some detail the areas covered during weekly, 90min group supervision sessions for peer workers [45]. The review protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register Of Systematic Reviews, identifier: CRD42015025621. In addition, we would suggest that we have demonstrated that our approach to operationalising an analysis of organisational support for peer support is feasible and might be pursued in future reviews, subject to the availability of suitable data. One study said that supervision was provided by a peer support coordinator, with preference being given to employing someone with lived experience of mental illness in that role [62], while another stated that the director of the consumer case manager team was a consumer [23]. It recommends an increased number of peer support opportunities and the development of national guidelines for peer support. Correspondence to The intervention significantly accounted for changes in physical role functioning, mental health, and social function. Peer workers have been employed in a range of roles, providing one-to-one support to individuals using mental health services, as we explore below, supporting and facilitating mutual support groups, or running services provided as an alternative to mainstream provision. might be described as being of low to moderate risk of bias overall), with the majority of those studies having been published since previous reviews. Peer-support for people living with HIV is assistance and encouragement by an individual considered equal, in taking an active role in self-management of their chronic health condition. of peer support PubMedGoogle Scholar. Peer support services: 2. Background: Mental health patients can feel anxious about losing the support of staff and patients when discharged from hospital and often discontinue treatment, experience relapse and readmission to hospital, and sometimes attempt suicide. 1995;18(2):34557. The rise in people experiencing a mental health problem and the identification of mental illness as the leading cause of disability adjusted life years globally (DALYs) [2, 3] requires concerted effort in identifying and mobilising resources to support people living with a mental health problem. A single study [42], reporting a lower level of organisation support for peer support, found a moderate, significant increase in social network support for people in the peer support arm of the trial (SMD=0.50: 95% CI 0.14, 0.87), compared to three other studies with a higher level of organisational support for peer support where no significant difference in social network support was found (SMD=-0.04: 95% CI -0.37, 0.28) (Fig. 2006;166:10927. The lack of positive association between the offer of peer support and reduction in psychiatric symptoms also suggests that, while studies are using a balance of clinical and more psycho-socially focused outcomes, one-to-one peer support in mental health services is unlikely to impact on clinical outcomes. In the following analyses a positive standardised mean difference (SMD) for the following outcomes - quality of life, social network support, empowerment, recovery, service satisfaction, working alliance (client and staff rated) - indicates the peer support intervention being more effective than the control condition, the opposite being the case for the following; general psychiatric symptoms, depression and anxiety, days in hospital and hospitalised. As such, analysis of the cost-effectiveness of one-to-one peer support in mental health services is largely absent from the evidence base to date. WebPeer support, in the context of mental health, has previously been defined as a form of social-emotional support offered by an individual who shares a previously lived experience with someone suffering from a mental health condition in an environment of respect and shared responsibility. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. 2009;1(2):14555. Ganju V. The MHSIP Consumer Survey. Clinical and social outcomes. The effectiveness of peer support from a person with peer support Kurtz, L. F. (1990). Webdistinguish peer support workers from clinical providers or other recovery supports. J Community Psychol. There was no impact on clinical symptoms or service use. Five trials reported the dichotomous outcome of whether hospitalised during follow-up period or not. J Behav Health Serv Res. Peer support more generally refers to a mutual exchange of emotional and practical support between people who identify as peers on the basis of shared or similar experiences of mental distress, with the recent origins of organised forms of peer support often ascribed to the mutual aid movement [3, 4]. Because of the way data were reported in the studies, we analyse these as eleven outcomes, analysing days in hospital and hospitalised as two discrete outcomes in place of hospitalisation, and separating working alliance into staff-rated and client-rated outcomes. Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial to measure the Psychol Assess. Peer support workers had a history of mental illness or substance use disorder, had completed 40 hours of training, and had taken a certification exam. The mental health recovery measure (MHRM). Peer recovery services are a community-based treatment option for people suffering from mental illness and/or substance use problems. Originality/value There is a need to understand why peer support is effective and how best to sustain peer specialists in their roles within the mental health system. Self-rated recovery was measured in four studies [54, 63, 66, 76], with wellbeing [28, 42, 45] and engagement with services [35, 39, 66] both measured in three studies. Currently there is a lack of evidence of any association between outcomes and organisational variables supporting the delivery of peer support. Peer support programs are counseling sessions where an older student meets with a younger student and offers a listening ear and problem-solving strategies. Demonstrate and provide encouragement and trust. Only moderate heterogeneity is indicated, I2=38%. WebPeer support services are delivered by individuals who have been successful in recovery from mental and/or substance use disorders who help others experiencing similar situations. Studies were included where peer support was: Studies were excluded if peer support was: not the primary means of delivering the intervention; not one-to-one or intentionally provided by a peer worker; where mental health was not the primary focus of the intervention. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript. 1962;76(43):136. 2008;20(3):3105. However completeness of reporting of outcomes is essential to inform good quality evidence with respect to peer support in mental health services going forward. Br J Psychiatry. A number of studies defined the population by service use history. Peer Support 1982;5:2337. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Salzer MS, Rogers J, Salandra N, OCallaghan C, Fulton F, Balletta AA, et al. Theory, processes and understanding of peer support also varied in description, with one study [71] describing a specific peer support change model that underpinned the intervention, while others gave a more general description of the processes that characterise peer support as distinctive from other forms of mental health support [35]. effectiveness of peer support Benefits to those receiving support: There are a multitude of benefits for those receiving peer support, many of which focus on empowering the individual in their In addition, we note the range of terms used to describe peer support roles and acknowledge that our search might not have been wholly inclusive. The findings also revealed that internal policy demonstrated an organizational commitment to mental health and peer-support, and that a provincial standard is necessary to ensure best practices and risk management in the creation and maintenance of peer-support programs. Chinman M, Oberman RS, Hanusa BH, Cohen AN, Salyers MP, Twamley EW, et al. Reynolds WM, Kobak KA. The effects of peer support on empowerment, self-efficacy, and internalized stigma: a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis. PubMed Central Follow-up in the two trials ranged from 6 to 12months. Peer support activities at this intercept include 10.Explain the value and effectiveness of peer support services and obtain buy-in from non-peer staff to create a welcoming and supportive environment. It is cost-saving and improves outcomes for individuals with mental One researcher (RM) extracted data for outcomes onto a bespoke extraction sheet. There is no evidence that shows peer support in mental health is harmful; 1 Birchwood M, Smith J, Cochrane R, Wetton S, Copestake S. The social functioning scale: the development and validation of a new scale of social adjustment for use in family intervention programmes with schizophrenic patients. Ment Health Serv Res. Gillard S, Gibson S, Holley J, Lucock M. Developing a change model for peer worker interventions in mental health services: a qualitative research study. Peer-reviewed literature examining the impact of peer support in the perinatal period is limited. Psychiatr Serv. However it is interesting to note that most studies of peer workers in paraclinical roles, including case-management [23, 30, 39, 42] and healthcare assistant roles [35], are now well over 10 years old, as are the majority of studies that compare peer workers to other mental health workers performing a similar role (substitute peer support) [23, 30, 39]. By and large, however, the effectiveness of these pastor peer support groups has not been tested. Peer support It was created at the start of the pandemic after Disagreements were resolved by discussion using the full text of the paper, with remaining differences resolved by discussion with SG. White, S., Foster, R., Marks, J. et al. effectiveness 2014;14(1):30. WebBoth quantitative and qualitative evidence indicate that peer support lowers the overall cost of mental health services by reducing re-hospitalization rates and days spent in Peer Level of care utilization system for psychiatric and addiction services, adult version. Studies were then categorised as having a higher level of organisational support for peer support if they fulfilled at least two of the three indicators, or lower level if they met one or less indicators. Measures such as mandated lockdowns and physical distancing have contributed to higher levels of anxiety, depression, and other metrics indicating Research about the effectiveness of online peer support groups is still in its early stages, but some studies indicate that this option can be effective. In the majority of studies twelve participants were using community mental health services [23, 28, 30, 35, 39, 44, 50, 54, 62, 63, 66, 76]. Google Scholar. WebRobert M. Walker, BA, MS, CPS, COAPS is the Peer liaison for the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health and is a person with lived experience of a mental health diagnosis. 1976;44(4):5805. Self-efficacy taps into the individuals ability to make use of a wider range of support and care, while the Empowerment Scale has been shown to weight heavily on hope as a factor [67]. Furthermore, peer support that was provided in addition to care as usual was significantly more likely to increase social network support than peer support provided by peer workers employed in a substitute role. The five trials in this meta-analysis had follow-up ranging from 9 to 24months and a total sample size of 453. Satisfaction with services outcome data was available from two trials and a total of 286 participants. Foster peer emotional health. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane databases from inception until 13 June 2019. Peer support was also identified as one of the ten fundamental components of recovery by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) consensus statement on mental health recovery. Continued improvement in reporting peer support interventions might usefully include good description of the organisational support provided for peer workers [88]. Mental health issues can make individuals feel helpless as though they have no control over their lives. Background. Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben social network scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations. 2008;16(5):34853. 2011;33(1):2936. All types of randomised controlled trial (RCT) were included. As a result we retain Depression and Anxiety as a single outcome for the purposes of this review. Can J Occup Ther. JMIR Mental Health, Vol. In: Weinman J, Wright S, Johnston M, editors. Peer Outcomes Protocol Projects administration manual was developed as a way to evaluate community-based, mental health peer support programs. Existing reviews were used to provide a basis for search terms, with authors using their knowledge of the area, including service user researchers JM and RF, to add to search terms. 4. problem-solving courts use peer support services . Br J Psychiatry. Peer One study recruited participants as they approached hospital discharge [59], one study recruited participants who had been referred to specialist crisis and home treatment teams [76], and another study recruited participants who were under a court order mandating community mental health treatment [63]. Springer Nature. 1 below. Two main transformational concepts have been described, namely, intentional peer support and transformation from patients to peer support providers. There is therefore a case for exploring whether it is possible to operationalise, as a subgroup analysis, the quality of organisational support for one-to-one peer support interventions as an additional approach to exploring the heterogeneity of peer support in mental health services. Value of Peers Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a key public health issue, with a myriad of physical, sexual and emotional consequences for the survivors of violence. Burke E, Pyle M, Machin K, Varese F, Morrison AP. mental health BMC Psychiatry. Other studies described peer workers providing support for shared decision making in clinical consultations, again with a strong focus on a structured self-management approach [74], delivering a cognitive behavioural intervention using a structured workbook [68], and working in a healthcare assistant role [35]. While the pooled SMD=0.09 (95% CI -0.25, 0.42) indicated no effect of peer support on social network support, there is significant heterogeneity across the trials, I2=67%, 2 test of heterogeneity. You meet someone to talk about how youre feeling or to set goals, for example. supervision). Article The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Eval Program Plan. 2006;46:50313. Google Scholar. Psychol Med. A systematic review and meta-analysis of group peer support Behavioural psychotherapy: Maudsley pocket book of clinical management. Peer support 2013;42(1):10921. Again, these measures would seem appropriate for interventions focused on supporting recovery [63] and independence [66] respectively. Cochrane handbook of systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. In recent years, peer support groups have become a popular way to help people with their mental health. No effect of peer support was found (SMD=0.01: 95% CI -0.32, 0.35) with little heterogeneity, I2=21%. Seeley JR, Manitsas T, Gau JM. Trachtenberg M, Parsonage M, Shepherd G. Peer support in mental health care: is it good value for money? In: Romme M, Escher S, editors. Salzer M, Brusilovskiy E. Advancing recovery science. Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. We decided to answer our research question by conducting repeated qualitative interviews in a longitudinal study design that followed the design outlined by Grossoehme and Lipstein ().The study is nested in a larger mixed-methods quasi-experimental study designed to shed light on the overall impact of peer support Int J Soc Psychiatry. However no studies clearly stated that supervision for peer workers was provided by someone who was themselves employed to use their personal experiences of mental distress or of having used mental health services in the role. As such we would suggest that trials exploring these, or indeed other outcomes, in the future should be cognisant of the constructs informing specific assessment tools (e.g. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Peer workers were reported as delivering a range of different interventions. Support However, throughout this review, peer support Measuring the impact of peer support is important for several reasons. The growth of peer support: an international charter. In the other group, participants attended sessions led by behavioral health counselors. GAO-20-616, SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER: Medicaid As noted above, a variety of outcomes have been assessed in peer support trials. This study focused only on one-to-one peer support for adults using mental health services. Psychiatr Rehabil J. J Ment Health. Effectiveness of peer There was a high level of heterogeneity across trials, I2=53%, 2 test of heterogeneity. The effectiveness of one-to-one peer support in mental New York: Spectrum; 1977. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Cabral L, Strother H, Muhr K, Sefton L, Savageau J. Clarifying the role of the mental health peer specialists in Massachusetts USA insights from peer specialists supervisors and clients. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The effect of interpersonal relationship and epidemic attention on The effectiveness of one-to-one peer support in mental health services: a systematic review and meta-analysis, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02923-3, http://www.coaghealthcouncil.gov.au/Portals/0/Fifth%20National%20Mental%20Health%20and%20Suicide%20Prevention%20Plan.pdf, https://www.basw.co.uk/system/files/resources/basw_62959-3_0.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1186152, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. SW and SG contributed to formulating the research question, designing the study, carrying it out, analysing the data and writing the article; RF, JM and RM contributed to designing the study, carrying it out, analysing the data and writing the article; LG, SB and JS contributed to designing the study and writing the article. The funder played no roll in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or in writing the manuscript. The effectiveness of one-to-one peer support in mental health services: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2006;57(8):117984. Peer support is being integrated within mental health services to further the development of a recovery approach. Overcoming the Challenges of Pastoral Work? Follow-up ranged from 6 to 24months. Method A cluster randomized controlled trial Social support: theory, research and applications. Effectiveness of peer support in reducing readmissions of persons with multiple psychiatric hospitalizations. Effects of adjunctive peer support on perceptions of illness control and understanding in an online psychoeducation program for bipolar disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. However, our review does suggest that trial participants offered one-to-one peer support in mental health services experience modest but significant improvement in empowerment and self-reported recovery compared to control group participants, the latter reflecting similar findings by Lloyd Evans and colleagues [8]. Gillard S, Foster R, Gibson S, Goldsmith L, Marks J, White S. Describing a principles-based approach to developing and evaluating peer worker roles as peer support moves into mainstream mental health services. Peer support workers can be support WebPeer support improves quality of life, increases and improves engagement with services, and increases whole health and self-management. Hearing voices groups: creating safespaces to share taboo experiences. Satisfaction with services [31, 35, 42, 45, 76], empowerment [50, 54, 66, 71, 74] and working alliance [23, 39, 66, 68, 74] were all measured five times. It is important to note that although blinding of participants to allocation is usually assessed, in this particular instance the nature of a peer intervention means that all trial participants are unblinded. Introduction: In the period shortly after discharge from inpatient to community mental health care, people are at increased risk of self-harm, suicide, and readmission to hospital. It may be for particular groups of people (with a specific health condition or from a certain ethnic group, for instance). Based on the evidence above and more, peer support is clearly an effective and evidence-based practice. Here is a list from clinical psychologist David Susman Psychosomatics. Peer Support Effectiveness of Peer Support Programs. J Consult Clin Psychol. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. Peer education was beneficial for increasing knowledge of sexual health topics. The effectiveness of one-to-one peer support in mental health services: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Community-based perinatal mental health peer support: a realist Deeks J, Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Data were available for the meta-analysis from fourteen of the nineteen trials included in the review (sixteen papers), with two or more trials contributing to meta-analyses of nine of our original outcomes. J Affect Disord. In 1948, the World Health Organization defined health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity [].Multi-sector and community-based International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2022;16 (1) View. A systematic review of intimate partner violence interventions WebPeer support is a recovery-oriented approach in which a peer with a history of mental illness who, having experienced significant improvement in their condition, offers services and support to a peer considered to be not as far along in their own recovery process (Jain, McLean, & Rosen, 2012, p. 481).The shared experience is a unique feature that https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02923-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02923-3. For the purpose of this review we consider one-to-one peer support in mental health services to be support delivered by an individual with personal experiences of using mental health services and/or of mental distress. 2011;20(4):392411. 2004;13(1):5969. Peer support Faulkner A, Kalathil J. Effectiveness 1996;6(2):193207. This study aims to systematically review evidence for the effectiveness of one-to-one peer support interventions for adults using mental health services, and to Dimensions of therapist response as causal factors in therapeutic change. Peer support has been shown to be effective in substance use and related behaviour, treatment engagement, and ameliorating risk behaviours associated with HIV and hepatitis C, and empowering people with mental illness and improving their quality of life. Introduction. Cambridge: Human Services Research Institute; 2005. Rivera JJ, Sullivan AM, Valenti SS. of peer support in mental health peer support
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