We conducted two sets of Poisson regression analyses to examine how personal values regarding the core life domains are associated with happiness. The current study examined the association of interdependent happiness with key academic outcomes such as autonomous motivation, engagement, and achievement using both cross-sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal (Study 2) approaches. This line of thought takes us rapidly to the idea that I can be happy doing any old thing. 2023 Feb 5;11(4):462. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11040462. 3. Age was measured in years, and education attainment was classified into three categories: less than high school; high school graduates; college or more. and transmitted securely. Are there universal aspects in the structure and content of human values? Theres some evidence that the link between happiness and longevity doesnt extend to the illor at least not to the very ill. A 2005 meta-analysis, aggregating the results of other studies on health and happiness, speculates that experiencing positive emotion is helpful in diseases with a long timeline but could actually be harmful in late-stage disease. The likelihood of being happy increased as household income and perceived social status increased. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. First, the interaction effect between school adaption and problematic smartphone usage in their relationship to academic achievement was significant, F(1, 691)=11.039, b=0.005, SE=0.002, R2=0.32, R2=0.011, 95% CI [0.002, 0.009]. Would you like email updates of new search results? We included leisure in the category of extrinsic achievements because leisure can be considered an external reward related to self-interest. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. In the traditional vein of related research, parental style has been considered as an important factor in childrens behavioral problems (Ruiz-Hernndez et al., 2019). Other personal value variables had consistent results with the findings in Table 3. Additionally, the current COVID-19 pandemic has led to closure of schools, leaving children with more free time, which has been associated with increased use of the internet and smartphones (Billieux, 2012). Reported happiness varied across the survey years, but we also observed consistent patterns linking personal values with happiness (Fig 1). Cunha IPD, Pereira AC, Meneghim MC, Frias AC, Mialhe FL. For example, a new study suggests that we should look not just at life satisfaction levels but life satisfaction variability: Researchers found that low life satisfaction with lots of fluctuationsi.e., an unstable level of happinesswas linked to even earlier death than low life satisfaction alone. Smartphone usage may become problematic, but smartphones also hold benefits such as more efficient search capacity and provision of study aids (Singh & Samah, 2018; Woodcock et al., 2012). Was happiness linked to healthier hearts even among people who might have heart problems? The age of smartphone users has declined, and problematic smartphone usage has widely expanded such that young children are also affected by such devices. Happy Students Are Motivated Students | Harvard Graduate School of Sociological problem and social problem: Contributions to a discussion. A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11482-022-10086-4, National Library of Medicine Each type of value may conflict with other values if it is located in the opposite direction of the value dimension [1617]. Journal of the Korean Society of the Child Welfare. De Los Reyes A, Langer DA. It is perhaps one of the most salient of human pursuits (Diener, Sapyta, & Suh, 1998). To test the hypotheses, moderated mediation analysis using PROCESS macro with the bootstrapping method was conducted (Hayes, 2017). Careers. Woodcock B, Middleton A, Nortcliffe A. However, the relationship between achievement goals and life satisfaction remains relatively unexplored in the psychology literature. Huebner ES, Gilman R. Students who like and dislike school. Results revealed that school adaptation affected general happiness of children through academic performance, and problematic smartphone usage demonstrated significant moderating effects on the relationship between school adaptation and academic achievement. Results of logistic regression showed that academic achievement, b=0.054, SE=0.021, 95% CI [0.014, 0.096] and school adaptation, b=0.03, SE=0.008, 95% CI [0.016, 0.046] were significant predictors of general happiness. The Academic Performance Scale (Rhee et al., 2009) was used to measure the childrens academic achievement. In particular, if they are using smartphones problematically, it is more likely to lead to academic problems which are also associated with psychological maladjustment. In addition, this study focused on general happiness, a positive factor, as the outcome variable to test the effects of variables related to school and problematic smartphone usage. government site. Another study in the same year found that women with breast cancer recalled being less happy and optimistic before their diagnosis than women without breast cancer, suggesting that happiness and optimism may be protective against the disease. Happiness and Social Interaction | Psychology Today Compared with prioritizing social relationships, prioritizing extrinsic achievements was adversely associated with happiness even after controlling for self-rated health and excluding those aged 60 years or older in Model 3. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Prioritizing health can be self-centered propensity more than other intrinsic values such as prioritizing family. In A. Ben-Arieh, F. Casas, I. Frnes, & J. E. Korbin (Eds.). Love and happiness may not actually originate in the heart, but they are good for it. Prioritizing family over work and leisure enhances life satisfaction by increasing family satisfaction [11]. Therefore, it would be necessary to conduct studies focusing on positive factors, especially those related to happiness. One major theme in this has been the shift toward multidimensional approaches over reliance on traditional metrics such as single measures (e.g. Only 3.38% of respondents (i.e., 99 of 2,933) chose religion as the most important domain after excluding the 2009 data, which might decrease statistical power. Happiness also seems to carry benefits even when stress is inevitable. This Holy Mass is celebrated via online. In the past, individual adaptation was evaluated based on existence of problems, but recently, with increasing interest in the effects of positive factors, happiness has been suggested as an important empirical and clinical variable (Draven et al., 2015). The data are third party and are available from the Korean Social Science Data Archive (KOSSDA) database (http://www.kossda.or.kr/). Is a Happy Life Different from a Meaningful One? - Greater Good Then came their worst nightmare: They had to answer an exceedingly difficult statistics question while being videotaped, and they were told that their professor would evaluate their response. The data were analyzed anonymously. But all of these books and classes raise the question: Why bother? It would be worth examining leisure separately because it can be closer to hedonism compared with the other extrinsic achievements. School adaptation was measured using the School Adjustment Inventory (Chi & Jung, 2006). The influence of discrepancies between adolescent and parent ratings of family dynamics on the well-being of adolescents. Still, sometimes the stress and pressure of external and . Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. 2019 Dec 9;53:108. doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2019053001457. Sch Psychol Q. Researchers combed through these writing samples for expressions of feelings like amusement, contentment, gratitude, and love. Ellis DA, Davidson BI, Shaw H, Geyer K. Do smartphone usage scales predict behavior? Additionally, spirituality, which can be classified into the dimension of self-transcendence or selflessness, is even more beneficial for happiness than is prioritizing social relationships. However, the current study has some limitations, and the recommendations for future studies can be suggested. Mission impossible. Respondents prioritizing social relationships may tend to have higher quality of social relationships than those who value extrinsic rewards or egos (i.e., physical self). In Action the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. A specific indicator of extrinsic values, viz. However, with the limitations of previous studies, questions remain regarding the association of personal values with subjective well-being. Moreover, many classes have been conducted online in this period of COVID-19, and exposure to smartphone-based educational contents has increased, naturally leading to increased exposure to smartphone and other devices (Limone & Toto, 2021). Rev Saude Publica. Bradburn (1969) put forward the argument that happiness is made up of two separate components that are quite independent and uncorrelated: positive affect and negative affect. 'Bidenomics' delivered a once-in-generation - Associated Press News Parental autonomy-support, intrinsic life goals, and well-being among adolescents in China and North America, Self-concept, aspirations, and well-being in South Korea and the United States. In contrast, about 54.7% of respondents prioritizing extrinsic achievements answered that they were happy, which was the lowest observed value. Previous studies have reported that school adaptation and academic achievement predict mental health, well-being, and happiness of children (Lv et al., 2016; Verkuyten & Thijs, 2002). The link between success and happiness - Fast Company The purpose of the current study was to examine the moderated mediation model with school adaptation, academic achievement, general happiness, and problematic smartphone usage. After adjusting for the inflation rate, household income was log-transformed for the analyses because it was skewed. We used a response for the first most important domain in life only for our analysis. How Do We Ensure That Students of Color Feel Respected? Based on the studies of Schwartz [1617], materialism, achievement, hedonism, and power can be categorized into the dimension of self-enhancement, whereas religiosity can be categorized as self-transcendence [19]. We inquired about the importance of four different categories of personal values: prioritizing social relationships, extrinsic achievements, physical health, and spirituality. Statistics Korea. The data for this study were made available by the Korean Social Science Data Archive (KOSSDA), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Here, happier people were 35 percent less likely to die over the course of about five years than their unhappier counterparts. Respondents prioritizing health were also less likely to report happiness than those prioritizing social relationships. confronting symptom-based versus processbased approaches. We used the second set of Poisson regression models to examine the associations between personal values and happiness with age restriction and/or self-rated health as a covariate. In addition, reciprocal associations among the key variables were found. In a 2003 experiment, 350 adults volunteered to get exposed to the common cold (dont worry, they were well-compensated). Is valuing religion more strongly associated with happiness than family? The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students. This study assessed adaptation to school, academic achievement, problematic smartphone usage, and general happiness in a panel data sample of 695 Korean 10-year-old children and their teachers and mothers, and a moderated mediation model of these variables was tested. Although material well-being is a critical ingredient of human well-being, it has also been recognized that an increase in material well-being beyond a certain threshold (i.e. In other words, the more they reported to problematically use smartphones, their grades were lower. Tindell DR, Bohlander RW. The KGSS in 20072009 included questions about personal values regarding life domains, happiness, and socio-demographic factors. It will take time to figure out the exact mechanisms by which happiness influences health, and how factors like social relationships and exercise fit in. Enabling allyship at work requires honest and open conversations, and those require psychological safety: "a belief that one will not be punished or humiliated for . Academic achievement of children with high school adaptation was reported to be highest compared to children exhibiting mean or low school adaptation regardless of how much they use smartphones problematically. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Sohn S, Rees P, Wildridge B, Kalk NJ, Carter B. However, only a limited number of studies have assessed how these factors affect one another and how they contribute to childrens adjustment. Ju S. Effects of Life Changes Due to COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Their Caregivers: Focus on Busan, Korea. Many people assume that there is a correlation between success and happiness. Kiuru N, Nurmi JE, Aunola K, Salmela-Aro K. Peer group homogeneity in adolescents school adjustment varies according to peer group type and gender. Recent studies have similarly argued that valuing money more than time may have deleterious impacts on social relationships [910]. Accessibility The interaction between school adaptation and problematic smartphone usage mediates the effect of academic achievement on childrens general happiness. 3. In addition, life domains which have been classified as a same value category may have different effects on happiness depending on the degree to which they are self-centered value. Span J Psychol. A 2010 study followed almost 7,000 people from Californias Alameda County for nearly three decades, finding that the people who were more satisfied with life at the beginning were less likely to die during the course of the study. Note that percentages of reported happiness were lower across all personal values in 2009 than in 2007 and 2008 due to the different response categories used in 2009. We conducted supplementary analyses excluding respondents aged 60 years or older and controlling for self-rated health, measured in the 2007 and 2009 data. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal That is, general happiness was measured from children, problematic smartphone usage from mothers, and school-related variables from teachers. Moreover, afterschool activities, such as physical exercise, music and art education were found to moderate the effect of problematic smartphone usage on adolescents adaptation, in addition to fostering better self-regulatory ability, a significant protective factor in behavioral problems (Guilmette et al., 2019; Seo et al., 2021; Williams, 2018). Social relationships included family, friends, and neighbors, and extrinsic achievements included leisure, power, money, educational attainment, and work. Horwood S, Anglim J. Peace of Mind, Academic Motivation, and Academic Achievement in Filipino High School Students. Internal consistency of the scale in Kim et al.s (2002) study was 0.91, and 1.00 in the current data. Relations among academic achievement, self-esteem, and subjective well-being in school among elementary school students: A longitudinal mediation model. Background Recent trends on measurement of well-being have elevated the scientific standards and rigor associated with approaches for national and international comparisons of well-being. Association between social conditions and oral health in school failure. materialism, is also adversely associated with overall subjective well-being [67], satisfaction with life in family [22], and work [23] and positively correlated with depression and anxiety [19]. Monthly household income was measured as a continuous variable in Korean 10,000 Won increments. Follow her on Twitter! In the wake of such stress, the hearts of the happiest students recovered most quickly. aThe number of cases may vary due to missing data. The 15-item scale was evaluated on a 4-point Likert scale. First, to examine internal consistency of measures, Cronbachs values were calculated. Lin YH, Chang LR, Lee YH, Tseng HW, Kuo TB, Chen SH. For example, we could not categorize neighbors as a separate category from social relationships because of the limited number of respondents who chose neighbors (i.e., 0.95% of respondents). However, the percentages of those prioritizing extrinsic achievements were consistent across years (i.e., 14.3% in 2007, 13.3% in 2008, and 13.5% in 2009). PROCESS calculates ordinary least squares which are regression-based (Hayes, 2017). Logistic regression results in misleading and overestimated odds ratios when it examines common outcomes whose incidence is higher than 10% [31]. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. Psychological and emotional effects of Digital Technology on Children in Covid-19 Pandemic. An official website of the United States government. Assessment and the Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychologys evidence base updates Series: Evaluating the tools for gathering evidence. Park N. The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2017.55. However, a number of previous studies mainly focused on negative factors such as attention deficit, emotion dysregulation, and behavioral problems of children (Huebner et al., 2014). An official website of the United States government. Table 3 summaries the results of Poisson regression models with robust error variances examining associations between personal values and happiness. GUID:24C7D87F-12AE-43D3-8634-BCB4FAE220F2, Children, School adaptation, Academic achievement, General happiness, Moderated mediating model. Perceived social status was measured with the question: In our society, there are groups that tend to be positioned toward the top and those positioned toward the bottom. This pattern of results indicates that the relationship between school adaptation and academic achievement is moderated by problematic smartphone usage, such that at lower levels of school adaptation, different levels of academic achievement were found, depending on the degree of problematic smartphone usage. Indeed, scientific studies have been finding that happiness can make our hearts healthier, our immune systems stronger, and our lives longer. This suggests that South Korea has a unique socio-cultural context in relation to Christianity and traditional values, which distinguishes it from other East Asian countries.
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